Lesion | Clinical features | Histology | Immunohistochemistry |
Primitive non-neural granular cell tumour | Young to middle-aged adults | Cells with prominent granular cytoplasm | (+) Vimentin |
Female predominance | Nuclei with prominent eosinophilic nucleoli | (+) CD10 | |
Nuclear pleomorphism | (+) PGP 9.5 | ||
Mild mitotic activity | (+) NKI-C3 | ||
(+) CD 68 | |||
(−) S-100 | |||
(−) HMB-45 | |||
(−) CD34 | |||
(−) Desmin | |||
(−) SMA | |||
(−) Mart1/MelanA | |||
Langerhans cell histiocytosis* | Scaly, crusted papules or plaques | Aggregates of Langerhans cells in the epidermis characterised by abundant blue–grey cytoplasm, indented oval nuclei with a central groove | (+) S-100, |
Affects children mainly | Little or no cytological atypia | (+) CD1a | |
Dermal infiltrate of Langerhans cells that form sheets with accentuation below the epidermis; absence of melanin pigment, and presence of eosinophils | (+) Langerin (CD207) | ||
(−) HMB-45 | |||
Mart 1/Melan A (−) | |||
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the skin | Solitary firm papules and nodules | Bland spindle cells in dermis and subcutaneous fat | (+) SMA, vimentin, CD68 in spindle cells |
Heavy admixed inflammatory infiltrate | (+) ALK-1 | ||
Hyalinised collagenous stroma | (−) S-100, HMB-45, Mart1/MelanA, MiTF |
*The ultrastructural hallmark of Langerhans cells is the rod-shaped or rocket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules, Langerhans cell granules), which may be needed to establish the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
ALK-1, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-1; HMB, human melanoma black; MiTF, microphthalmia transcription factor; PGP, P glycoprotein; SMA, smooth muscle actin.